What was the
HARLEM RENAISSANCE?

"From 1920 until about 1930 an unprecedented outburst of creative activity among African-Americans occurred in all fields of art. Beginning as a series of literary discussions in the lower Manhattan (Greenwich Village) and upper Manhattan (Harlem) sections of New York City, this African-American cultural movement became known as "The New Negro Movement" and later as the Harlem Renaissance. More than a literary movement and more than a social revolt against racism, the Harlem Renaissance exalted the unique culture of African-Americans and redefined African-American expression. African-Americans were encouraged to celebrate their heritage and to become "The New Negro," a term coined in 1925 by sociologist and critic Alain LeRoy Locke.

One of the factors contributing to the rise of the Harlem Renaissance was the great migration of African-Americans to northern cities (such as New York City, Chicago, and Washington, D.C.) between 1919 and 1926. In his influential book The New Negro (1925), Locke described the northward migration of blacks as "something like a spiritual emancipation." Black urban migration, combined with trends in American society as a whole toward experimentation during the 1920s, and the rise of radical black intellectuals — including Locke, Marcus Garvey, founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), and W. E. B. Du Bois, editor of The Crisis magazine — all contributed to the particular styles and unprecedented success of black artists during the Harlem Renaissance period."

[from http://encarta.msn.com/schoolhouse/harlem/harlem.asp]


Why teach the
HARLEM RENAISSANCE
to Elementary-Age Children?

I have always loved this time in our history, and I have felt that it has never gotten the attention that it deserves in classrooms around the country. In researching the Harlem Renaissance, I found that most of the writing that existed on it targeted young adults and above. However, I knew that the material would greatly appeal to a younger audience because the subject matter involves the arts. Children love to have music, art, and drama infused into their learning. For three years, I researched and read everything that I could get my hands on regarding the Harlem Renaissance. Simultaneously, I compiled a bibliography that was appropriate for young children. Once I had all of my lesson plan ideas, a list of necessary materials, the cooperation of several of my colleagues, and a tie to the third grade curriculum at Episcopal Academy, I went to my Unit Head and asked for permission to teach this unit for a three month period in the spring. I also asked her to allow for the purchasing of about a thousand dollars worth of new materials for the Lower School Library. Fortunately, she was extremely supportive, and the unit began to gain life!

The Social Studies theme for the third grade at Episcopal Academy is "Freedom: Overcoming Obstacles to Seek a Better Life." The Harlem Renaissance was a re-birth - a time when artists of African descent gathered in a common place to share their talents with the world. It was a time of affirming their individuality, their cultural values, and most of all, their freedom to follow their dreams. Artists from many different backgrounds and fields all co-existed and supported each other's passions.

For this unit to be successful, it had to be interdisciplinary. I had the full collaboration of the drama and art teacher at Episcopal as well as the librarian and the technology coordinator. In addition, my third grade partner decided that she would teach the unit also. This allowed for children from both classes to work together, share their ideas, and learn from one another. What resulted was an exciting journey full of amazing discoveries! Through this web page, I invite you to also take a journey through the Harlem Renaissance. Perhaps, you will also find that it is irresistible to dig deeper and learn all that you can about this incredible time in history. I also hope that you come to the conclusion that children are capable of learning anything as long as we guide them in a positive, engaging, and respectful manner.

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